Schwannoma septal, una causa infrecuente de obstrucción nasal / Septal schwannoma, an uncommon cause of nasal obstruction

Resumen Los schwannomas son neoplasias derivadas de las células de Schwann de la cubierta de los nervios periféricos. Su desarrollo en la región nasosinusal es poco frecuente, especialmente a nivel septal. Su diagnóstico diferencial es variado y debe establecerse con otras causas más habituales de masa nasal unilateral. Su tratamiento es quirúrgico. Describimos el caso de un varón de 47 años con una masa nasal derecha intervenida mediante cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal y con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de schwannoma septal.

Abstract Schwannomas are tumors that proceed from Schwann cells in the cover of peripheral nerves. It is uncommon in the sinonasal area, especially in the nasal septum. The differential diagnosis is extensive and requires contemplating other more frequent causes of unilateral nasal mass. The current treatment of septal schwannoma is surgical. We report a 47-year-old male with a right nasal mass operated by endoscopic sinonasal surgery with an anatomopathological diagnosis of a nasal septal schwannoma.

An often neglected area in crooked nose: middle turbinate pneumatization / Uma área frequentemente negligenciada no nariz torto: pneumatização da concha média

Abstract Introduction: Crooked or deviated nose is a deviation of the nose from the straight vertical position of the face. Extensive pneumatization of the middle turbinate, also called concha bullosa or bullous middle turbinate (BMT) is known to be one of the possible etiologic factors in nasal obstruction, recurrent sinusitis, and headache. There is no study concerning a link between BMT and crooked nose. Objective: To investigate the association between crooked nose and the presence of a BMT. Methods: A total of 199 patients who underwent open septorhinoplasty were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative paranasal Computerized Tomography (CT) findings, preoperative photodocumentation, and anterior rhinoscopic examination findings were documented. Of the 199 patients, 169 were found to meet the criteria and were included in the study. CT scans were examined to note the presence of BMT, inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and septum deviation (SD). SDs and crooked noses were classified. Results: Ninety-four of 169 patients (56%) presented a crooked nose deformity and seventy-five of 169 patients (44%) presented a straight nose. While 49 (52%) crooked nose patients had a bulbous and extensive BMT, 20 patients with straight nose (26.6%) had a BMT. A statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of crooked nose and BMT, regardless of the side of the disease (p = 0.011). Conclusion: This study revealed a link between crooked nose and BMT.

Resumo Introdução: O nariz torto ou o nariz com desvio é um nariz com um desvio da posição vertical reta da face. A pneumatização extensa da concha média, também chamada de concha bolhosa ou concha média bolhosa (CMB), é conhecida por ser um dos possíveis fatores etiológicos da obstrução nasal, sinusite recorrente e cefaleia. Não há estudo relativo a uma associação entre CMB e nariz torto. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o nariz torto e a presença de CMB. Método: Foram analisados retrospectivamente 199 pacientes que se submeteram a septorrinoplastia aberta. Achados pré-operatórios paranasais à tomografia computadorizada (TC), fotodocumentação pré-operatória e exame rinoscópico anterior foram registrados. Dos 199 pacientes, observou-se que 169 atendiam aos critérios e foram incluídos no estudo. As TC foram examinadas para observar a presença de CMB, hipertrofia de conchas inferiores e desvio de septo (DS). Os DS e narizes tortos foram então classificados. Resultados: Dos 169 pacientes, 94 (56%) apresentavam uma deformidade de nariz e 75 (44%) apresentavam nariz reto. Enquanto 49 (52%) pacientes com nariz torto tinham CMB extensa, 20 pacientes com nariz reto (26,6%) tinham CMB. Uma relação estatisticamente significativa foi encontrada entre a presença de nariz torto e CMB, independentemente do lado da doença (p = 0,011). Conclusão: Este estudo revelou uma relação entre o nariz torto e CMB.

Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal: reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Extramedullary plasmacytoma nasal septum: case report and literature review

Los plasmocitomas son tumores malignos caracterizados por proliferación anormal de células plasmáticas monoclonales. Éstos pueden originarse tanto en hueso como en tejidos blandos, denominados plasmocitomas óseos solitarios y plasmocitomas extra-medulares (PEM), respectivamente. Estos últimos representan menos del 1% de toda la patología maligna de cabeza y cuello, sin embargo, el reporte de estos casos resulta provechoso frente a la poca casuística al respecto. Presentamos el caso de plasmocitoma extramedular del septo nasal en un varón de 74 años con dificultad respiratoria nasal progresiva y frecuente epistaxis del lado izquierdo. A la especuloscopía nasal se observó en el vestíbulo una elevación tumoral de superficie lisa, grisácea, sésil. La biopsia mostró que era un plasmocitoma. Estudios posteriores descartaron la presencia de mieloma múltiple. Esto confirmó el diagnóstico de PEM. La masa fue completamente disecada, se indicó radioterapia y el paciente no tuvo adherencia al tratamiento. Sobre el mismo lecho al año siguiente reaparece lesión de similares características. Conclusión: Plasmocitoma extramedular del tabique nasal es una entidad rara, de una larga historia natural y que representa un desafío diagnóstico y terapéutico. Dependiendo de la resecabilidad de la lesión, la terapia combinada mediante cirugía y radioterapia es el tratamiento de elección.

Plasmacytomas are malignant tumors characterized by abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells. They may originate in bone and soft tissue , called solitary bone plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) respectively. The latter represents less than 1% of all malignant disease of the head and neck, however, the report of these cases it is useful to cope with the shallow casuistics thereon. We report a case of EMP of the nasal septum in a man of 74 years with progressive nasal breathing difficulties and frequent epistaxis on the left side. A nasal speculoscopy was observed in tumor lift lobby smooth, gray, sessile surface. The biopsy showed it was a plasmacytoma. Subsequent studies reject the presence of multiple myeloma. This confirmed the diagnosis of EMP. The mass was completely dissected, radiation therapy is indicated and the patient had no adherence. Upon the same place a similar injury returns. Conclusion: Septum extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare entity of a long natural history and represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Depending on the resectability of the lesion, combination therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice.

Calcinosis tumoral en septum nasal en un paciente con insuficiencia renal crónica dializado. Presentación de un caso / Tumoral calcinosis in nasal septum in a patient with chronic renal failure in dialysis. Presentation of a case

Los trastornos metabólicos ocasionados por la insuficiencia renal y la diálisis para su tratamiento pueden conducir a la precipitación de sales de fosfato cálcico con la consecuente formación de tumores en diversas localizaciones. Estos pueden ser únicos o múltiples, pudiendo ocasionar obstrucción y compresión de distintas estructuras anatómicas con la consecuente alteración funcional. Si bien el manejo clínico de las alteraciones antes citadas es fundamental, la cirugía adquiere relevancia en estas situaciones. Se presenta un caso de Calcinosis Tumoral única ubicada en el tercio anterior del septum nasal, ocasionando obstrucción de la fosa nasal. La tomografía computada orientó el diagnóstico y la resección tumoral completa por vía nasal fue el tratamiento elegido. El informe de anatomía patológica confirma el diagnóstico de Calcinosis Tumoral. A los nueve meses de seguimiento en el postoperatorio no se evidencia recidiva.

Metabolic disorders caused by chronic renal failure and dialysis for its treatment can lead to the precipitation of calcium phosphate salts with the consequent formation of tumors in various locations. These can be single or multiple, and may cause obstruction and compression of different anatomical structures with consequent functional alteration. Although the clinical management of the above mentioned alterations is fundamental, the surgery acquires relevance in these situations. We present a case of unique tumoral calcinosis located in the anterior third of the nasal septum, causing obstruction of the nasal fossa. Computed tomography guided diagnosis and complete tumor resection by nasal route was the treatment chosen. The pathological anatomy report confirms the diagnosis of tumor calcinosis. At nine months post-operative follow-up there was no evidence of tumor recurrence.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of large nasal septal defect with an intranasal stent: A clinical report.

Nasal septal perforation is a common complication of many nasal diseases such as congenital, infectious, trauma, and iatrogenic, and rarely may occur as a complication of systemic diseases, etc. The symptoms of uncorrected nasal septal perforations include crusting, epistaxis, difficulty in breathing, nasal twang in speech, postnasal discharge, foul-smelling, rhinorrhea, and hyposmia. Large nasal defects cannot be closed by hard acrylic resin nasal septal obturators because of the problems in access and path of insertion. However, obturation can be achieved by fabrication of a nasal stent that engages one of the nasal cavities. This clinical report describes prosthetic management of a patient with large nasal septal defect following septal surgery complication with an intranasal heat-processed acrylic resin stent. The stent is rendered patent for comfortable breathing, improves speech, is esthetically acceptable, dense and hygienic. These nasal stents indirectly separate the two nasal cavities with effective obturation of large nasal septal defects.

incidence of concha bullosa and its association with chronic rhinosinusitis deviated nasal septum and osteomeatal complex obstruction

To determine the incidence of concha bullosa and its association with deviated nasal septum, obstruction of osteomeatal complex and chronic rhinosinusitis. Retrospective study. Otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery department. Nine hundred thirty-one consecutive paranasal sinus CTs taken between 2008 and 2010 were reviewed; 347 cases of concha bullosa [CB] were identified. Those cases were reviewed radiologically for the presence and severity of deviated nasal septum, obstruction of the osteomeatal complex and sinus disease. The significance of associations was tested using chi-square or Fischer exact tests. Patient's age ranged from 8 to 84 years with a mean age of 32.6 years. Two hundred twenty-nine [66%] were females. Three hundred forty-seven [37.3%] had CB and 224 [64.6%] had deviated nasal septum with CB. No association between a unilateral or dominant CB and ipsilateral or contralateral DNS and ipsilateral or contralateral maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinus involvement was found. Similarly, there was no association with disease in the ipsilateral or contralateral osteomeatal complex. Although concha bullosa is a common occurrence in the nasal cavity, no statistically significant relationships between the presence of concha bullosa, deviated nasal septum, obstruction of osteomeatal complex and sinus disease was found

Fechamento de perfuração septal nasal em coelhos com celulose bacteriana / Nasal septal perforation closure with bacterial cellulose in rabbits

Biomateriais podem ser válidos à somação de tecido e estrutura para o fechamento da perfuração do septo nasal. OBJETIVO: Testar celulose produzida pela bactéria Acetobacter xylinum associada à cola biológica no fechamento de perfurações septais em coelhos. Comparar histologicamente fibrose, inflamação, congestão vascular, integridade do enxerto e fechamento da perfuração septal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Quinze coelhos foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Controle (5 coelhos) e celulose - Bionext® associado à cola de fibrina - Tissucol® (10 coelhos). Foi realizada uma perfuração cirúrgica no septo nasal em todos os coelhos. Nos animais do grupo Bionext® foi realizado o fechamento da perfuração com a colocação de celulose e aplicação de cola de fibrina. RESULTADOS: Dois coelhos foram a óbito. No grupo com celulose ocorreu o fechamento de duas perfurações e em 4 casos a celulose manteve-se impactada entre os bordos das perfurações. No grupo controle não ocorreu fechamento da perfuração septal em nenhum dos coelhos operados. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença estatística significante nos quesitos inflamação aguda, congestão vascular e fibrose, avaliado histologicamente. Nos casos onde o enxerto se manteve posicionado, não houve alteração quanto à sua integridade. Pode ser útil à somação do arsenal terapêutico como base para re-epitelização dos bordos da perfuração.

Alloplastic materials can be used together with tissue and structure to close nasal septal perforation. AIM: to test cellulose use in the closure of septal perforation in rabbits and to compare fibrosis, inflammation, vascular congestion and graft integrity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen rabbits. The rabbits were divided into two groups: Control: Five rabbits and Bionext® and fibrin glue Tissucol®: Ten rabbits. Septal perforations were done in all of them. In the Bionext® group the closure was performed with the placement of cellulose. RESULTS: Two rabbits died in the first week. Cellulose group: 2 closures without the cellulose in between the septum membrane and in 4 cases the graft stood in the middle of the perforation locked in place by the edges. No closure in the control group. CONCLUSION: There was no closure of the perforation of the nasal septum with the graft between the septum membranes. There was no statistically significant difference concerning acute inflammation, vascular congestion and fibrosis between the 2 groups. In cases in which the graft remained in place, there was no change in its integrity. It may be used as a substructure for reepithelization of the perforation edges.

Perfuração do septo nasal: tratamento e revisão da literatura / Septum nasal perforation: treatments and literature' review

Introdução: O presente trabalho consiste de uma revisão da bibliografia a respeito de artigos relacionados às diferentes manifestações e formas da perfuração nasal septal, com ênfase principal na descrição de suas técnicas de correções cirúrgicas. Quanto à etiologia, essa é fundamentalmente iatrogênica, por consequência de trauma cirúrgico. Outras causas incluem exposição a reagentes químicos industriais, uso de cocaína, terapêutica esteroídica intranasal, neoplasias e condições infecciosas. Há poucos dados com relação à prevalência de perfuração do septo na população em geral. As tomadas de decisão sobre correção cirúrgica ou tratamento médico dependem das características anatômicas e da patogênese da perfuração septal.

Introduction: The present study consists in a bibliographical' review concerning the articles related to the different manifestations and forms of the septum nasal perforation, with a main emphasis in the description of its techniques of surgical correction. As the etiology, that is fundamentally iatrogenic, accordingly surgical trauma. Other causes include exhibition to chemical industrial reagents, cocaine use, intranasal steroidal therapeutic, neoplasia and, infectious conditions. There is a few data concerning the prevalence of septum perforation in the general population. The decision making about surgical correction or medical treatment depend on the anatomic characteristics and of the pathogenesis of the septal perforation.

[Endoscopic and imaging prevalance of nasal mucosal contact point and association between contact point and sinunasal symptoms]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of nasal mucosal contact point in rhinology patients and association between contact point and sinunasal symptoms. We compare the sinunasal problem and contact point [endoscopic and imaging] in 59 patients without [sever septal deviation,chorneal hypertrophy.large ethmoid bula and paradox turbinate] by fisher aaaaaaaa7 chi squre test and review the literature. The prevalance of nasal mucosal contact point in our study is 13/6 percent; there is no association between contact point and patients symptom such as headache, facial pain, nasal blockage. Nasal mucosal contact point occur between the septum and structure of the lateral nasal wall and contact point can be visualized either endoscopically or radiologically on CT scan.The nasal mucosal contact point in the physiological status of the nose is best detected on CT scan of paranasal sinus. As we found no association with headache, facial pain and nasal blockage and contact point, it appears unlikely that surgery is relieving these symptoms permanently by relief of contact points.

Absceso del septum nasal / Nasal septal abscess

Se define como absceso del septum nasal (AN) a la colección de pus entre el cartílago o hueso del septum nasal y el mucopericondrioo mucoperiostio. Se trata de una patología poco frecuente que el pediatra debesospechar ante todo paciente que presente obstrucción nasal deinstalación aguda e historia reciente de traumatismo, infecciónperiodontal o proceso inflamatorio que involucre la regiónrinosinusal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 8 años con AN bilateral por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente de la comunidad (MR-CO), con el objeto de enfatizar la necesidad de un rápido diagnóstico y tratamiento para disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones infecciosas graves y posibles secuelas funcionalesy estéticas.

Etiologia, manifestações clínicas e alterações presentes nas crianças respiradoras orais / Etiology, clinical manifestations and concurrent findings in mouth-breathing children

OBJETIVO: Investigar a etiologia, as principais manifestações clínicas e as alterações presentes em crianças de 3 a 9 anos, respiradoras orais, residentes na região urbana de Abaeté (MG). MÉTODOS: Estudo com amostra aleatória representativa da população do município de 23.596 habitantes. Clinicamente, foram consideradas respiradoras orais as crianças que roncavam, dormiam com a boca aberta, babavam no travesseiro e apresentavam queixas de obstrução nasal freqüente ou intermitente. As crianças com diagnóstico clínico de respirador oral foram submetidas a endoscopia nasal, teste alérgico cutâneo e raio X do cavum, hemograma, contagem de eosinófilos, dosagem de IgE total e parasitológico de fezes. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o programa SPSS® versão 10.5. RESULTADOS: As principais causas da respiração oral foram: rinite alérgica (81,4 por cento), hipertrofia de adenóides (79,2 por cento), hipertrofia de amígdalas (12,6 por cento) e desvio obstrutivo do septo nasal (1,0 por cento). As principais manifestações clínicas do respirador oral foram: dormir com a boca aberta (86 por cento), roncar (79 por cento), coçar o nariz (77 por cento), babar no travesseiro (62 por cento), dificuldade respiratória noturna ou sono agitado (62 por cento), obstrução nasal (49 por cento) e irritabilidade durante o dia (43 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Algumas manifestações clínicas são muito freqüentes na criança respiradora oral. Essas manifestações devem ser reconhecidas e consideradas no diagnóstico clínico da respiração oral.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, main clinical manifestations and other concurrent findings in mouth-breathing children aged 3 to 9 years and resident in the urban area of Abaeté (MG), Brazil. METHODS: This study was based on a representative random sample of the town population, of 23,596 inhabitants. Clinical diagnosis of mouth-breathing was defined as a combination of snoring, sleeping with mouth open, drooling on the pillow and frequent or intermittent nasal obstruction. Children with a clinical diagnosis of mouth breathing underwent nasal endoscopy, allergy skin tests and X ray of the rhinopharynx, full blood tests, eosinophil counts, total IgE assay and fecal parasitology. Data were analyzed using SPSS® version 10.5. RESULTS: The main causes of mouth breathing were: allergic rhinitis (81.4 percent), enlarged adenoids (79.2 percent), enlarged tonsils (12.6 percent), and obstructive deviation of the nasal septum (1.0 percent). The main clinical manifestations of mouth breathers were: sleeping with mouth open (86 percent), snoring (79 percent), itchy nose (77 percent), drooling on the pillow (62 percent), nocturnal sleep problems or agitated sleep (62 percent), nasal obstruction (49 percent), and irritability during the day (43 percent). CONCLUSION: Certain clinical manifestations are very common among mouth-breathing children. These manifestations must be recognized and considered in the clinical diagnosis of mouth breathing.

Um caso raro de carcinoma mucoepidermóide de septo nasal / A rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the nasal septum

Introdução: O carcinoma mucoepidermóide é a neoplasia maligna mais comum das glândulas salivares, sendo o principal sítio de acometimento a parótida. Ocorre também em glândulas salivares menores desde a cavidade nasal até os pulmões. A localização nasal do carcinoma mucoepidermóide é extremamente rara. A literatura é pobre em casos semelhantes. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de carcinoma mucoepidermóide de septo nasal à direita, abordando aspectos gerais quanto a patogênese, diagnóstico, terapêutica e seguimento pós-operatório. Relato do Caso: Apresentamos um caso de uma paciente de 32 anos com história de obstrução nasal, epistaxe e tumoração em fossa nasal direita. A biópsia revelou tratar-se de carcinoma mucoepidermóide. Realizamos ressecção tumoral por via nasal endoscópica, associada à radioterapia complementar. O anátomo-patológico classificou-o como de alto grau de malignidade. Obteve remissão dos sintomas e sem recidiva em seguimento. Conclusão: As massas tumorais nasais devem ser estudadas com exames de imagem e histopatologia. Podemos nos surpreender com tumores malignos nasais raros.

Introduction: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands, and the parotid is the main site of attack. It also occurs in the minor salivary glands from the nasal cavity to the lungs. Nasal location of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma is extremely rare. There is little literature on similar cases. Objective: To report a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the right nasal septum, and cover general aspects of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy, and post-operative follow-up. Case Report: We present a case of a 32-year-old patient with a history of nasal obstruction, epistaxis and tumoration in the right nasal cavity. The biopsy revealed it was a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The tumor was surgically removed using endoscopes with associated complementary radiotherapy. The anatomopathological analysis classified it with a high degree of malignancy. We obtained remission of the symptoms and without subsequent recurrence. Conclusion: Tumor nasal masses should be studied with imaging and histopathology examinations. We may discover rare malignant nasal tumors.

Leiomyoma of the nasal septum.

Leiomyoma of nasal cavity is an extremely rare and unusual benign mass that uncommonly arises from the nasal septum. These are vascular or nonvascular masses of myogenic origin. We present a rare case of leiomyoma arising from the nasal septum and discuss its management using KTP 532 laser.

Unusual cause of unilateral epistaxis: nasal leech infestation.

Common causes for unilateral nasal bleeding in adults are benign or malignant tumors and deviated nasal septum. Here we present two cases of recurrent unilateral nasal bleeding due to leech infestation. Though it is not a common cause for nasal bleeding, a clinician should suspect leech infestation for a recurrent nasal bleeding specially in tropical countries like Nepal.

Closure of septal perforation by split-thickness skin graft and cartilage

To evaluate a technique for Closure of large Septal Perforation [SP] by Split- Thickness Skin Graft and Cartilage. In this prospective study carried out from March 2000 to March 2005, 15 patients with large SP [>/= 2[cm2]] underwent closure of SP with split thickness skin graft and cartilage. The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction [66.7%] and crusts [46.7%]. In our technique, the success rate of closure was 86.7%. In two patients, closure was incomplete which was thought to be due their old age and long duration of SP. Our technique is easy, with good exposure, high success rate and is low in cost. We recommend this technique for perforation >/= 2[cm2]

Surgical Treatment Using an Allograft Dermal Matrix for Nasal Septal Perforation

PURPOSE: Numerous methods have been utilized to repair nasal septal perforation with varying degrees of success; however, no consensus has been reached on nasoseptal perforation repair. Here, the authors describe a surgical method based on human dermal allograft (Surederm(TM), Hans Biomed Corp. Korea) for the repair of nasal septal perforations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with a nasal septal perforation were included in this study. The causes of these septal perforations included previous nasal surgery, trauma, foreign body (button battery), and idiopathy. There were several sites of perforation: 9 in the central area, 1 in the posterior-central area, and 1 in the anterior area. An interpositional graft incorporating Surederm(TM) was positioned between bilateral mucoperichondrial flaps using an intranasal approach. A silastic sheet was then left in the nasal septum bilaterally until complete healing had occurred through new nasal mucosa, which took a mean duration of 6 weeks. RESULTS: Outcomes in ten of the eleven patients were successful, with complete septal perforation closure. The remaining perforation, which was caused by a button battery, closed incompletely; however, its initial size of 2cm was reduced to 5mm. CONCLUSION: The described technique has a high success rate and can be performed under local anesthesia without external scarring. In the absence of donor site morbidity, this technique can also be utilized to repair posterior or multiple septal perforations without difficulty.